Epistaxis is the bleeding from the nose. The blood loss may range from few drops to massive loss.
Epistaxis may be due to -
Disorder from birth itself- Haemangiomas in the nose is the main cause.
Epistaxis may also due to a trauma or injury to nose or paranasal sinus, or head itself. Here the bleeding stops within a short time.
After any operation on the nose or paranasal sinus may also cause epistaxis.
Boring or picking the nose is one of the main causes of epistaxis. There is a vulnerable area in the nose called Little’s area where the blood vessels are situated superficially (submucosally), so slightest trauma or picking results in bleeding from the nose.
Barotrauma (changes in air pressure) also causes epistaxis.
Epistaxis may also be due to inflammatory causes like.
1-nasal diphtheria –in children blood stained discharge from both nostrils in children. Presence of diphtheria bacteria- Corynebacterium diptheria in the smear confirms the diagnosis.
2-inflammation of the vestibules of the nose or a furuncle in the vestibule may cause epistaxis.
3-acute sinusitis or rhinitis also may cause epistaxis.
4-inflammation of the adenoid may cause congestion in the nose, and it may result in epistaxis.
5-chronic inflammation like chronic sinusitis, chronic rhinitis and severe case of atrophic rhinitis also causes epistaxis.
6- Rhinisporidiosis syphilis, tuberculosis, leprosy may also cause bleeding from the nose.
7-Malignancy of the maxillary sinus or ethmoidal sinus also causes bleeding from the nose. Bleeding from the nose, especially one-sided in an elderly patient should be investigated to rule out malignancy.
8-Foreign bodies - insertion of the foreign body, especially in a child is a main cause of bleeding from the nose. Blood-stained discharge from one side of the nose with a foul smell in a child should raise the suspicion of a foreign body in the nose. Removal of the foreign body may cause bleeding but only for a short duration.
9-Systemic causes like hypertension, bleeding disorders also cause epistaxis,
10-Infection may cause epistaxis. Influenza, measles, rheumatic fever, typhoid may also cause epistaxis.
11-In many cases no cause for epistaxis is detected even after thorough investigations.
Treatment
General treatment
Apply ice or cold pack on the bridge of the nose.
Pinching the nose for a while may stop bleeding, if the bleeding is from Little’s area.
Homeopathic treatment.
Homeopathic treatment is based on the cause of the disease plus considering the mental and physical characteristics in chronic cases.
If it is due to foreign body removal of the cause is the primary aim and the bleeding if occur after the removal can be managed by medicines like Hamamelis, Arnica, etc.,
If due to infections, inflammations the basis causes are treated by medicines selected by the present symptomatology and location and site of the cause of the disease. Sometimes, the acute infection may subside and in certain patients, there is a tendency to recur the infection, like sinusitis, the constitutional medicines come into play.
The overall result is very favorable to homeopathic medicines.
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