It is a localized loss of hair in round and oval areas without any visible inflammation of skin. The most common presenting site is the scalp. Usually affect the young adults, more than 25 years. Equal in both sexes. Children are also affected.
The duration of hairless is gradual over weeks to months. Patches of alopecia areata can be stable and often spontaneous re growth over a period of several months. Skin symptoms are minimal. Scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, pubic hairs are affected.
ALOPECIA AREATA
This is the common progressive balding that occurs through the combined effect of genetic predisposition and action of androgen on scalp hair follicles.
Age of onset in males may begin any time after puberty and in females later in about, in the 6th decade.
In male receding of anterior hairline, especially in the parietal regions which result in the M shaped recession. Following this a bald spot may appear in the vertex. If AGA (Androgenetic Alopecia) progresses rapidly some patients complain of increased falling out of hair. In female's severe thinning of hair is not common.
The hair in areas becomes finer in texture. In time, hair becomes vellus and eventually atrophies completely. In males, it is mainly distributed in the front or temporal and vertex areas, and the result may be only a rim of residual hair on the lateral and posterior scalp.
CICATRICIAL ALOPECIA
Cicatricial alopecia is due to destruction of the hair follicle due to destruction or damage of the hair follicle by inflammatory or by other pathogenic processes. The hair follicle is replaced by fibrous tissue.
OPHIASIS
It is the band like pattern of hair loss over the periphery of the scalp.
ALOPECIA UNIVERSALIS
In this pattern, hair loss from the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, and body hair.
Homeopathic treatment of alopecia areata.
AA though not a serious disease but it needs some investigation. Usually, it causes a cosmetic problem in many patients. Homeopathy has a definite role in the treatment of alopecia areata. Since there is no inflammation of the skin, according to homeopathic philosophy it belongs to syphilitic miasm, because there is a destruction of the hair follicle. So homeopathic medicine has an effective role since it treats the patient in an individualistic approach.
The efficacy and duration of homeopathic treatment depend on-
The duration of occurrence of alopecia areata
Site of affection AA
Age of the patient
Type of underlying disease, like thyroid and other diseases
Homeopathy is effective in patchy type of alopecia areata. But in scarring type and alopecia universalis the result is not satisfactory.
Anyway in alopecia totalis if constitutional medicines are given by taking the totality of the symptoms further progress can be prevented.
Medicines like Natrum Mur, Sepia, Acid phos, etc. are indicated if the emotional factor is a role in the development of alopecia areata.
Thyroidinum, Acid flour, etc. if there is any underlying disease like thyroid disease, or diabetes, etc.
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